When Ronald Reagon was in office he launched a shift in social welfare policies to favoring the wealthy, during 1981 through 1993. His conservative approach replaced postwar liberalism. There were three major shifts, each stated below.

Massive social program cuts for the middle class and poor.

Lower income taxes for the upper class, including the wealthy and extremely wealthy U.S. citizens.

Much higher spending on the military.

Since nearly two decades have passed, Abramovitz feels it is time to update her concepts and revisit the question of “who is on welfare”?

New and improved data is available to report t

In 2000, the federal government on social welfare components, 61% of the total amount of federal spending that year spent $1,093 billion, but it was a smaller portion of the gross domestic product than back in 1962. Both were for means tested and non-means tested programs. However, the majority of the money did not go to the poor, 77% was received by programs for more advantage groups, even though the spending on the poor did increase from 12% to 23% in 2000.

Corporate welfare system is introduced focusing on government programs. No further discussion will arise about the occupational social welfare system.

Social, fiscal, and corporate welfare systems are examined using three dimensions.

Richard Titmuss broadened our views of the welfare state and challenged our conventional thinking about who benefits. Social policy has a way of shifting resources but not providing economic rewards for productive services. All three systems tend to favor the middle-and upper-classes.

In the 1983 version of this article, there was a framework developed by Richard M. Titmuss. He stresses that our techniques of conceptual frameworks have been to narrow. There is a failure to inform us about the realities of redistribution, which are generated by technological and social change.

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