Paine adds fuel to the fire by taking a step further. He claims American independence is inevitable whereby he convinces those who were uncertain about rebelling. He manipulated those who probably were aware of what could possibly result from a rebellion by claiming that whatever happens, rebellion will come to existence no matter what. Paine’s words causes people to take their thoughts on freedom and have them expand what preconceived rights they would have. A right to independence and freedom includes the right to resist government regulations and charges since Paine also includes that the American government should be of the weakest sort. Whether Paine expected his writing to have influenced people to this degree, the result is that it did. His words of being a true independent American were sugarcoated with glory and pride, however the truth lies beneath that disguise. Chaos is the immediate inevitable result of America breaking away from England. The stability of the nation had to be hard won from there.

ca moved from its chaotic and naïve birth to its grasp on some vague sort of identity whereby liberty has been at its closest to being fully defined according to each author.

Frederick Douglass writes a speech for the advancement of African Americans whereby enfranchisement is provided for them. He portrays his own interpretation of freedom in order to convince others that the concept is universal and not limited to only a select few. His opinion on the matter is not an end in itself. Douglass uses the notion of freedom as a means to provide happiness for himself and his fellow men of his race. His article, “What the Black Man Wants,” explains why suffrage is universal yet for now should only be provided for African Americans.

The third element is the spread of market relations. According to Foner, it acknowledges that a man’s right to freedom also includes his pursuit of happiness financially and economically, “Increasingly, the right to compete for advancement in the marketplace became a touchstone of American freedom (55).” Each man is a self-directed individual whereby the outside restraints on man are nonexistent. Therefore, according to this right, people are free to do as they pleased except for slaves. Slavery was still prominent in the economy during that time. Freedom was only applied to men who were free individuals. The right to freedom is now expanded to include the right to use the right of freedom as means to an end of acquiring financial happiness.

Foner’s three elements are territorial expansion, political democratization, and the spread of market relations, which were influenced and encouraged by their interpretation of the concept of freedom. The first included the westward movement whereby America adopted the notion of ‘manifest destiny’ that means that America had the divine right to conquer all of North America. Foner illustrates

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