Prolific American novelist and short story writer, whose works deal romantically the overwhelming power of nature and the struggle for survival. London's identification with the wilderness makes him the antecedent of the Green movement. His left-wing philosophy is seen in the class struggle novel THE IRON HEEL (1908). JOHN BARLEYCORN, which describes the London's drinking bouts, connects him with such authors as Charles Bukowski and Jack Kerouac. On the other hand, London's views about the superiority of white people and that only the strongest deserve to survive have placed him among the ultra-right conservatives.

Jack London was born in San Francisco. He was deserted by his father, William Henry Chaney, an itinerant astrologer, and raised in Oakland by his mother Flora Wellman, a music teacher and spiritualist, and stepfather John London, whose surname he took. London's youth was marked by poverty. At the age of ten he became an avid reader, and borrowed books from the Oakland Public Library.

After leaving school at the age of 14, London worked as a seaman, rode in freight trains as a hobo and adopted socialistic views as a member of the protest armies of unemployed. In 1894 he

A few months before his death, London resigned from the Socialist Party. Debts, alcoholism, illness, and fear of losing his creativity darkened the author's last years. He died on November 22, 1916.

London had purchased in 1910 a large tract of land near Glen Ellen in Sonoma County, and devoted his energy and money improving and enlarging his Beauty Ranch. He also travelled widely and reported on the Mexican revolution. In 1913 London's Beauty Ranch burned to the ground, and he was told by his doctor that his kidneys were failing.

Love, purpose and determination can do anything.

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