Scientists are finding more and more things out with time and this builds up a whole picture of the stratosphere in chemical terms and more things can then be found out.

Scientists have to analyse the air by using various types of spectroscopic techniques. The reason why these work so effectively is because a lot of these species that are found in the stratosphere are able to absorb radiations in the range of the ultra violet and Infrared. We know this due to the ozone filtering a lot of harmful rays from the sun. In a sample, the concentration of ozone can be found by calculating the absorption level. To receive accurate results from this and to make assumptions, the samples have to be taken varying all the factors. For example, in different places around the earth and at different altitudes and also at different times through the year. These measurements would then be taken every so often to keep a record and notice any changes.

The way of measuring the absorption rate can be done by u

Both HCl and ClONO2 are stable and they form reservoir molecules. Although some of them will be removed by air circulation and rainfall, they can be released as Chlorine radicals. In the South Pole, the sun disappears in winter and a vortex of cold air forms. This cause clouds to be formed in the stratosphere and they are usually frozen sulphuric acid with nitric acid trihydrate (HNO3•3H2O) coated around them. At 190K, water vapour will condense as ice on these particles as well. This Solid particles provides a surface on which this occurs:

The Cl• and ClO• will be remove from this cycle by:

Some topics in this essay:
, Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs, Ozone ClO•, South Pole, HCFs HFC, Sherwood Rowland, O2…7 Overall, Initiation CFC-11, HCl ClONO2, Cl• ClO•, cl• +, + o•, o• +, hv à, + hv, ozone destroyed, + hv à, oxygen atoms, + o2, + o3 à, useful solvent, cl• stratosphere, + o• à, à cl• +,