The first encounter that Native American found themselves faced with is physical change. There are many physical changes such as land, animals and people…etc. Upon arriving in the Americas to change their life, Europeans needed the land to live, grew agricultural products and raised livestock. And they seemed to want also to establish their rule in that area. For example: “The English established settlements on the Atlantic Coast, and the French built towns along the Mississippi River Valley” (p.4-A People’s History of The United States-HOWARD ZINN). European settlers soon displaced many of the remaining Native American land. They wanted them out of the way; they wanted

The second encounter that has changed the Native American is the non-physical outcome. The non-physical outcome is the cultural and ideological interaction between indigenous people and Europeans. Native American culture suffered heavily because of their isolation from the rest of the world. Europe, Africa, and Asia had been trading knowledge and technologies for centuries. Societies on all three continents had learned to use iron and kept herds of domestic animals. Europeans had acquired gunpowder, paper, and navigational equipment from the Chinese. Native Americans, on the other hand, had none of these “They bear no arms… They have no iron” (Page 39-Columbus-The First Voyage). They were often helpless against European conquerors with horses, firearms, and—especially—armor and weapons. For that reason, some Native Americans learned to coexist with Europeans, setting up trade networks and adopting European technologies. Furthermore, the next challenge that European has changed was ideology. Native American believed in a spirit world that interacted with the physical, or natural, world. According to their beliefs, the Great Spirit had many manifestations. It was believed to be present in all things—animals, plants, water, rocks, and other natural phenomena, such as the Sun, Moon, weather, or sickness. But the most wildly distributed belief of Europ

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