Practically all of the psilocybin containing mushrooms are small, brown or tan mushrooms easily mistakable for any number of non-psychoactive, inedible, or poisonous mushrooms in the wild. This makes them difficult, and potentially hazardous, to identify. The primary distinguishable feature of most psilocybin containing mushrooms is that they bruise blue when handled.

Although psilocybin is the main psychoactive ingredient found in the fungus, a smaller but more potent compound, called psilocin, also packs a good part of mushrooms' psychedelic punch. Psilocybin and psilocin are noteworthy in that their molecular structures are very similar to chemicals present in the human brain. Research shows that psilocybin is converted in the body to psilocin before triggering its mind-altering effects. Psilocin differs from the human neurotransmitter serotonin by only one hydroxy molecule. Their shape is so similar that they are able to fool and infiltrate parts of the brain w

Even though psilocybin-containing mushrooms are a popular recreational drug, estimating the use of hallucinogenic mushroom use is difficult. Mortality from hallucinogenic mushrooms is very rare.

The effects of hallucinogenic mushrooms depend on the body weight and mood of the taker, size of dose, and the way it is taken. The overall effects of psilocybin are similar to those of LSD. Effects are primarily psychological and perceptual, which range from relaxation, intensification of color, sense of well-being, separation from surroundings, emotional effects such as religious ecstasy or anxiety, visual and auditory hallucinations, feelings of heaviness or lightness, difficulty concentrating, dilation of pupils, and may result in muscular limpness which can lead to a fatal respiratory depression. Dilation of the pupils is a sign indicative of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Common physical changes include increased heart rate and blood pressure, lack of muscular coordination, incoherent speech, and convulsions. Psilocybin stimulates the autonomic nervous system, causing symptoms such as mild hypothermia. Psychological effects can include flashbacks, violent behavior, confusion, suspicion, and lack of control. As with any other psychologically active substance, mindset and situation can greatly influence psilocybin's subjective effects.

Tolerance to psilocybin develops quickly. There are no significant withdrawal symptoms from hallucinogenic mushrooms and no physical dependence appears to take place

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