The beginning of the English civil wars can be traced back to when King Charles I married Herietta Maria, who was the daughter of Henry IV of France (“English Civil War Timeline”). This marriage didn’t go to well and was the talk of the country because she was a Catholic. Charles then reinstated the Thirty Nine Articles into the Church of England. In the

The two armies clashed the next year at Adwalton Moor on the 30th of June 1643 (Collins). Adwalton Moor was an area with uneven fields enclosed by fences and shrubs, this type of terrain made it difficult for royalist cavalry to get around (“The Main Battles of the Civil War”). Several Parliamentarian soldiers decided to go after the Royalists instead of maintaining a defensive line. The Royalists were able to easily make the disarrayed Parliamentarian army retreat (“English Civil Wars” 499).

Herietta Maria, Charles’s wife, was sent to the mainland to gain Catholic support for his cause against Parliament (“English Civil War Timeline”). Herietta was also sent to trade in the jewels of the crown to buy arms for the war. Even though both, Charles and Parliament, were preparing for the soon to be war, their negotiations continued to try to resolve the issue. Charles tried to retrieve equipment left from his Scottish battles but on his way he was stopped by parliamentary and naval support and was forced to go to York where he set up his headquarters (“The History of the English Civil Wars”).

eyes of the English this was evidence of the King leaning towards Christianity (Collins). Under the circumstances Parliament passed the Petition of Right. The Petition of Right was made up of three resolutions. The first resolution stated that Parliament would ignore any attempt to change religion. The second resolution stated that any taxation levied without Parliament’s authority was illegal. The third resolution stated that any merchant who agreed to pay the tax was going against the overall liberty of England (Alderman 73-76).

The First Battle of Newbury occurred on the 20th of September 1643. Parliamentarians were on their way to rest at Newbury. When they arrived, to their surprise, the Royalists were their and they had no choice but to fight. The surrounding countryside had lanes of shrubs, hedges, and bushes. This offered excellent terrain for the foot soldiers, but difficult terrain to cover for the Cavalry. Since the Parliamentarians had a bigger infantry than the Royalists they won the First Battle of Newbury (“The Main Battles of the Civil War”).

A document was put together by one of the members of the House of Commons, named Pym. The document was later named the Grand Remonstrance; it listed every unpopular action of the King since the beginning of his reign (“The History of the English Civil Wars”). “It was designed to show he was unfit either to appoint ministers and other officials or to have control over the army” (Alderman 132). Taking away these powers would have been Pym’s next motive. Charles instructed his attorney-general to issue a charge of treason against five members of the House of Commons, including Pym (“English Civil War Timeline”). When Parliament didn’t act appropriately towards the charge of treason, Charles sent a military troop made up of horseman to make the arrests (“English Civil War Timeline”). Since Parliament had been warned all five of the men fled. The country soon heard of this and Charles became very unpopular with the people.

In August of 1642 King Charles I brought together the Royalist army at Nottingham and formally declared war. Both sides wished that either war never occur or that one battle would decide the result to the matter (Collins; “English Civil War Timeline”). The two armies fought a battle at Edgehill, which is considered the beginning of the civil war (“The Short and Long Parliaments” 223). Throughout the battle the Royalists were winning and the King made one false move and the Parliamentarian army gained the upper hand, no side really conquered the other (“The Main Battles of the Civil War”). This first battle fought was considered a dr

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