Q. Narrative Continuity and Rupture, and Their Effects Regar

Narrative continuity is essential in creating order and establishing sequential events. The audience sees this continuity in practice via the chronology of the black and white scenes. It is in these scenes that view

You don’t know anything. You feel angry, you don’t know why. You feel guilty, you have no idea why. You could do anything and not have the faintest idea ten minutes later, like Sammy. What if I’ve done something like Sammy?

Hence, Leonard’s pursuit to “believe” is catalysed via the structural continuity of narrative and the looping effect of scenes.

The absence of long shots, wide shots and panning all contribute to the disestablishment of setting; being a sense of time and place. The analogy of real time versus time sequences within Memento acts as an element which propels a sense of disorientation for viewers. The confusion of the reverse chronological colour scenes juxtaposed to that of the audiences, chronological time frame contributes to the disorientation of viewers whilst highlighting the active role played by the audience to establish meaning. As a result of the absence of establishing shots regarding setting, the audience is overwhelmed with a number of scenes with severe editing and extreme close ups. This attention which is focused on small details such as; Leonard’s tattoos, the death of victims within the film and establishing connections regarding Leonard’s case (Police file and polaroids) is symbolic of the protagonists claustrophobic sense of self. Because Leonard does not know who he is, just of whom he was, Nolan places him in a world centred around his sole purpose “to avenge the death of my (Leonard’s) wife”. Members of the audience are thus influenced to witness Leonard as a character who is placed in a state of ambiguity, bordering the outskirts of reality. Therefore the lack of a definitiv

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