from birds. The history of human flight began with adventurous people equipped with

flapping wings who flung themselves from high places. However, these devices did not

perform well. According to Donald Lopez, Senior Advisor to the director of the National Air

and Space Museum, in his book Aviation a Smithsonian guide, people of that time tried to

imitate birds. For example “in 1010 a monk named Eilmer jumped from Malmesbury Abbey

in England and broke his legs. In 1162, a man in Constantinople fashioned sail-like wings

from a fabric gathered into pleats and folds. He plummeted from the top of a tower and died.

In 1536, Denis Bolori in France tried to fly using wings flapped by a spring mechanism. He

fell to his death when the spring broke.” (Lopez, Aviation a Smithsonian guide, 1995, p 16).

From this idea, the main concept of airplane comes from Greek culture that related

the principle of flying to birds. Birds have two wings that help them maintain their balance

while flying. In addition, by flapping their wings, they can fly and reach high places. Airplane

sketches of a number of ornithopters, which are machines shaped like aircrafts that are held

25). Wilbur and Overlle Wright started their experiments by studying previous experiments

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