Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and began his studies of human motivation in the early 1900s. He created the school of psychoanalysis known as analytical psychology. Jung’s theories were mostly a modernized version of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. At first Jung collaborated closely with Freud but eventually moved on to pursue his own theories, including the exploration of personality types. According to Jung, there are two basic personality types, extroverted and introverted, which alternate equally in the completely normal individual. Jung also believed that the unconscious mind is formed by the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is the repressed feelings and though

ts developed during an individual’s life. The collective unconscious is the inherited feelings, thoughts, and memories shared by all humanity. (Jung Carl, Encarta) Jung developed his theories based on a wide knowledge of mythology and history. Jung’s approach to the question of humanness was interpreting mental and emotional disturbances as an attempt to find personal and spiritual wholeness. (Jung Carl, MSN Encarta)

Alfred Adler was an Austrian psychologist who was once an associate of Sigmund Freud. However he later rejected Freud’s emphasis on sex as the root of neurosis. Adler believed that feelings of helplessness during childhood can lead to an inferiority complex. His therapy was mostly concerned with the analysis of early childhood and the overcoming the inferiority complex through positive social interaction. (Alfred Adler, Encyclopedia) During World War I, Adler served as a physician in the Austrian Army, first on the Russian front, and later in a children's hospital. He saw first hand the damage that war does, and his thought turned increasingly to he concept of social interest. He felt that if humanity was to survive, it had to change its ways. Adler believes that there is a single driving force behind our behavior an

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