Microcontrollers are essentially computers. They vary from a computer in the following aspects. Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other device (often a consumer product) so that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another name for a microcontroller, therefore, is "embedded controller." Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run one specific program. The program is stored in ROM (read-only memory) and generally does not change. Furthermore, microcontrollers are often low-power devices. A desktop computer is almost always plugged into a wall socket and might consume 50 watts of electricity. A battery-operated microcontroller might consume 50 milliwatts. A microcontroller has a dedicated input device and often (but not always) has a small LED or LCD display for output
There are two main types, which work from a reservoir. There are those which pump by applying peristaltic pressures to the outside of the giving set and measure the rate of flow by counting the drops passing through an optical gate clipped on to the drip chamber. Other types employ a disposable double syringe unit (cassette) connected into the giving set, which draws in measured quantities of fluid according to the required infusion rate, and simultaneously dispenses from the other side of the syringe plunger. These are usually called volumetric pumps.
Intended as a general-purpose device for a wide range of applications, the pump is calibrated in the traditional system of mm/hr travel. The range of control is such that one pump model can address the full range of application areas.
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