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Themes of the Scarlet Letter


            Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter"" is exceedingly rich, both thematically and symbolically. Hawthorne uses these many themes and symbols to convey his story soundly and strongly. The themes of personal guilt and an individual's place in society are examined in this novel and the symbol of the scarlet letter A is used to illustrate the manner in which the main characters deal with this guilt.
             Hester Prynne bears this symbol on her chest for all to see. In the beginning of the story, the 'A' is a symbol of her guilt and shame. It represents the sin Hester has committed, and is a constant reminder of that sin to both herself and the community. In chapter five, Hawthorne writes "Another peculiar torture was felt in the gaze of a new eye. When strangers looked curiously at the scarlet letter, "and none ever failed to do so, "they branded it afresh into Hester's soul; so that, oftentimes, she could scarcely refrain, yet always did refrain, from covering the symbol with her hand" (Hawthorne, 93). It causes Hester physical and mental anguish to be reminded daily of her horrible deed, yet she continues to display the letter. Because of this, she more quickly makes peace with herself and finds personal absolution of sin. Another reason that she is able to live her life free of personal recriminations is that she sewed the 'A' herself and she herself made the decision to wear it. She is taking control of her punishment and conveying a message to her community that she is aware of her sin, and she is taking full responsibility for that sin.  As Hester grows and changes over the course of the novel, the 'A' on her chest that once labeled her as an adulterer starts to change in the eye of the public. Many people see the A as "able ", because she has turned her life around by dedicating hours of service to the sick and poor of the community.  Even though the perception of the letter changes, Hester carries it the same way throughout, the same way she carries her child.


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