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Trichomes, Cannabis and Light Microscopy


            
             Cannabis is a dioecious annual with palmate leaves that are usually composed of an odd number of leaflets (Pate 1994). The male plants are obviously flowered and taller (Pate 1994). Their flowers have yellowish sepals and 5 anthers that hang out pendulously when mature, using the wind to disperse the pollen (Pate 1994). The female plant is more robust due to its dense growth of leaves and the associated bracts, as well as its shorter branches (Pate 1994). The flower has two styles, thin closely adherent perianth, but it is protected by an enclosure in a cuplike bracteole, called a perigonal bract, and is subtended by a monophyllus leaf (Pate 1994). Each flower has the ability to produce one seed (Pate 1994). Cannabis is one of the oldest domestic plants in the history of mankind (Jiang et al. 2006). Cannabis sativa L. is known by many names depending on the language and culture (Kepe 2003); in this paper it will be referred to as marijuana. It has been used for many purposes, including medicine, fibre, recreation and edible food/oil from the achene and for its psychoactive substances that are in its resin glands (Kepe 2003; Jiang et al. 2006). Marijuana's mind altering ability has captured the attention of many (Kepe 2003). The use of this plant has been the subject of debate by scholars, users and practitioners (Kepe 2003). This plant is banned in many countries (Kepe 2003). There has been extensive lobbying for the ban to be removed for medicinal, spiritual and fibre purposes (Kepe 2003). Trichomes are hair-like protrusions on the epidermis of many plants that protect the plant from insect predation, fungal disease, and light degradation and in the case of Cannabis they release cannabinoids (Happy Na et al. 2013). Cannabis sativa L. has both glandular and nonglandular trichomes (Turner et al. 1978). There are three types of trichomes: (1) unicellular cystolith hairs, (2) capitate glandular hairs, and (3) unicellular covering hairs (de Pasquale et al.


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