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Drug Action on Porcine Urinary Bladder


            
             Receptors are protein molecules that, upon receiving a chemical signal, initiate a series of chemical reactions within the cell to produce a physiological response (Purves et al., 2001). Different drugs have varying affinities for receptor binding sites and therefore vary in their effectiveness on the target. The more receptors activated by the binding of drugs, the stronger the physiological response induced (Purves et al., 2001). This will be demonstrated in the lab through the monitoring of porcine urinary bladder contractility as cumulative concentrations of various drugs are applied (Janssen, 2014).
             Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
             A type of membrane-bound receptor is the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is a G-protein complex that has a high affinity for both the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and the toxic chemical, muscarine (Caulfield and Birdsall, 1998). When acetylcholine binds, muscarinic receptors undergo conformational changes to activate signalling cascades that ultimately induce the contraction of smooth muscle cells (Caulfield and Birdsall, 1998). Muscarinic receptors can bind to a large variety of drugs other than acetylcholine, including eserine, atropine, and phenoxybenzamine, all of which elicit diverse effects on muscle contractility (Janssen, 2014). In this experiment, these drugs' effects on the contractility of porcine urinary bladder will be determined by exposing the bladder to different concentrations of the drugs.
             Relationship between Concentration and Effect.
             Generally, the higher the concentration of a drug, the stronger its effect on the target organism (Birkett, 1995). When a drug is present in high concentration, it is more likely to bind to a larger number of cell receptors, and in turn elicit a stronger response in the organism (Birkett, 1995). Thus, by monitoring the contractility of porcine urinary bladder in response to different doses of a drug, the affinity of muscarinic receptors for various drugs can be indirectly measured.


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