Both Mill and Marx questioned the human nature. They both searched limits of freedom and liberty. According to MÝll Humans are individuals. As an individual human being can do everything for self preservation , this is called “state of nature”. As an instinct human beings want to be free humans want to be equal with each other. Marx also says human must be free but because of capital economy humans are loosing their freedom. Marx also adds humans are not only loosing their freedom they are also loosing their humanity.
Humans want to live freely but limitless freedom creates “insecurity” which leads to harming others so for disharming others nation accepted social contracts and to avoid a chaos they accepted the power of majority . Before republics there were tyrants who were controlling countries and the citizens who live on their lands but this situation was creating maximum limitation of freedom and there was no equality. Time of landlords ended with a great rebellion and suffering people sent their kings to guillotine that’s what happened in French Revolution. To be equal and free people wanted republic which is the power of majority. John Mill asks what is the nature and limit of the power of majority?
It is impossible for every human kind to develop till end so it seems as an utopia. Peace in every country over the world depends on social contracts where people make sacrifices from their freedom and get under the control of majority to live secure. In republics major powers are in control or “those who succeed in making themselves accepted as the majority” ( J.Mill). When majority of the power goes beyond their limits a new threat appears which is the threat of “tyranny of majority.” . Threat of majority represents the greatest threat to social liberty because it forms a new understanding to kingdom. The problem is if a human is against majority he/she can be alienated from the society. Most people will need to agree with the over powered majority only to seen as a normal part of the society even if they don’t agree with them. More dangerously majority groups not always represents the real majority. Biggest example for this situation is Turkey. In Turkey religious party came to power after a democratic election so it seems to be they are majority but the situation is different they came to control by representative democracy and by the help of immature people who are at the beginning of the first step. Seventy percent of the Turkey is liberal and next ten supports patriotic parties. This shows that only twenty percent supports these religious parties so how they can represent the other seventy. This problem gets bigger even now the army started to involve in governmental business which iwill end with a coup d’etad( happened in 1972) which is the biggest threat to social liberty.
When labor is gets alienated from object and process he/she becomes a forced labor who turns to a means for survival. When a labor becomes means he/she slowly starts to not realize his/her species being but become alienated from his/her species being activity. As a result biological parts of human become more important then the theoretical part. This process is self – alienation. End