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Pollinaters and Shaded or Unshaded Plants

            
             Pollination is valuable to both pollinators and plants. It serves as a source of food for the visiting insects and as a mean of sexual reproduction for the flower. For instance, the golden rod relies on bumblebee and honeybee pollination. This mutualism is a very important part of nature. 67% of flowering plants rely on such a relationship. A decrease in pollinator abundance can result in reduced fitness for plants (little pollen quantities and decreased pollinator competition). Also, heterozygosity in a population becomes less and less prevalent as inbreeding and self-pollination occur more frequently. Not only does a reduction in seed and fruit production affect the fitness of a plant, but it also has an impact on other organisms, and thus the community (Mckinney, 2009). If the plant-pollinator mutualism relationship breaks down, it could mean devastation for both organisms (Kearns, 1997). This is where the importance of this study comes into play. .
             Where does the bumblebee succeed/prefer most in pollinating the golden rod, in the shade or in the sunlight? Answering this question can show us not only the setting in which the golden rod thrives in, but where large amounts of bumblebees and honeybees live. From this we can determine the approximate areas where flowering plants, in this case golden rods, are losing this mutualistic relationship. The null hypothesis for this experiment is that when bumblebees and honeybees are pollinating golden rods, they have no predilection doing it in either the shade or in direct sunlight. The alternative asserts that bumblebees and honeybees do have a preference for the shade or sunlight when pollinating golden rods. The working hypothesis states that these bees display a preference for pollinating golden rods in direct sunlight over the shade. The area predicted to attract the most amount of bee pollination is where there is direct sunlight.
             Methods.


Essays Related to Pollinaters and Shaded or Unshaded Plants

1. Wisconsin Fast Plants Project

Hopefully, pollination from another plant will occur. Pollination has to come from another plant because the RCBr has self incompatibility. Self incompatibility means that the plant knows whether the pollen it receives is from the same plant or not and if it is it will not pollinate to ensure a healthy spread and mix of genes. ... Air current can affect pollination by carrying pollen from one plant to another. ... The Wisconsin Fast Plant Projects objectives were to observe the germination, pollination, and fruiting of the plant and to record all of the data. ...

  • Word Count: 498
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Plants and Fungi

The diploid stage of plants is the sporophyte. ... Plants have altering haploid-diploid nuclei. ... Flowers attract pollinators and promote genetic diversity as well. 8. ... In gymnosperms the ovule- which becomes the seed- is exposed; it is not entirely surrounded by sporophyte tissue at the time of pollination. The angiosperms' ovules are completely enclosed within diploid tissue at the time of pollination. ...

  • Word Count: 1632
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Grade Level: High School

3. The Importance of Bee Pollination

No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man" (Albert Einstein). ... Pollination is an important and invisible factor in the food chain, and the major pollinators in the world are bees. As bees travel from blossom to blossom in search of nectar, they transfer pollen from plant to plant, thus fertilizing the plants and enabling them to bear fruit. ... Besides crops, Domesticated and wild Bees pollinate more than 16 percent of the worlds' flowering plant species, which would vanish without Bees. ... Department of Agriculture estimates that about one-t...

  • Word Count: 628
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

4. Life and Pollination of European Honeybees

Pollinators uphold ecosystems all over the planet; they are essentially the main distributers of all of our major food crops here on earth. Up to 80% of all plant species are pollinated mostly by insects and nearly three-quarters of the world's most common crops require insect pollination, some of these crops include tea, chili, berries, alfalfa, coffee, fruits, and nuts! In Texas, bees carry out most pollination but we do have other native pollinators such as bats, hummingbirds, butterflies, moths, wasps, flies, and beetles. ... Honeybees can also thrive in domesticated environments wher...

  • Word Count: 510
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: Graduate

5. Conservation of Hawaii

Most native plants are also unique and found nowhere else, including 96% of the flowering plants and 65% of the ferns (Wilcove 1999). ... Exotic plants also came in great numbers with Europeans. ... They uproot many rare plant species when searching for worms and grubs in the soil, including small trees. This opens up the canopy and allows light to penetrate previously shaded areas, changing the soil dynamics (Wilson 2002). ... Rats prey on the eggs of rare birds, and both rats and mice also have a voracious appetite for plant seeds. ...

  • Word Count: 3046
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. The Disappearing Bees

Honey bees are a very important component to nature, planting and the growing produce. Bees pollinate all types of flowers, plants, fruits, vegetables and other crops. Crops are dependent of bee's pollination process in order to help reproduce plants. ... The rapid disappearing of bees are due to many factors but some of the main reasons are due to the harsh pesticides that aid in the growth of plants and toxic herbicides used to kill plants from lawns or farms. ... Bees are not meant to be in cage traveling to different parts of the world being forced to pollinate only one type of plant ...

  • Word Count: 477
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Has Bibliography

7. Gold in plants

We don't need to pollute it; let the busy bees and butterflies roam around doing their job of pollinating the flowers. ... It is from plants that we get our everyday needs. ... Plants have so many applications in the life of people. ... Plants furnish both man and animals with food, shelter and medicine. ... Going to school and studying books about plants are not enough. ...

  • Word Count: 505
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

8. Reproduction in Plants

I will show reasons as to why these plants go about reproducing in diverse ways. ... The difference between ferns and flowering plants is, flowering plants are capable of exploiting much more habitats, due to them not being dependent on water for reproduction. ... Flowering plants are not dependent on water for fertilisation. ... They consist of an ovary which protects the eggs or ovules and a style which traps pollen during pollination. ... Insects and birds are also vital to flowering plants, they transfer seed to same species plant. ...

  • Word Count: 618
  • Approx Pages: 2

9. Brassica Rapa

Day 21-cross pollination took place. ... The bee was then again gently rubbed over the stigmatic surfaces of all the open flowers to complete cross-pollination. ... Day 49 was the harvesting of the plants. Fruits were taken from the dried plants. ... For one the cross-pollination could may have been done wrong or may have not crossed pollinated with all the flowers that were sprouted. ...

  • Word Count: 866
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

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