The terms (Ephedrine, Ephedra, Ma Huang) are used to refer to the same substance derived from the plant Ephedra. (There are many common names for these evergreen plants, including squaw tea and Mormon tea.) Ephedra is a shrub-like plant that is found in desert regions in central Asia and other parts of the world. The dried gr

Ephedra's main active medical ingredients are the ephedrine alkaloids and pseudoephedrine. The ephedras also contain various tannins and related chemicals. The stem contains 1-3% total alkaloids, with ephedrine accounting for 30-90% of this total. The concentrations of these alkaloids depends upon the particular species of ephedra being used. Ephedrine alkaloids are amphetamine-like compounds used in over-the-counter and prescription drugs with potentially lethal stimulant effects on the central nervous system and heart. The FDA has received more than 800 reports of adverse effects associated with use of products containing ephedrine alkaloid since 1994.

These serious adverse effects include hypertension (elevated blood pressure), palpitations (rapid heart rate), neuropathy (nerve damage), myopa

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