As many blues scholars have noted, no one knows precisely where and when the blues began. Certainly, some elements of African-American music can be traced back to Africa. These include verbal traditions of signifying, the blues' musical scale and its microtones and blue notes, and the rhythmic pattern of the music. Other elements, the field hollers, spirituals, and work songs from the

You gonna come runnin' back to me some lonesome day

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