Abortion was considered a very sinful act and most major medical associations despised the action. For 125 years, the AMA took a fierce pro-life stance, stating in 1859 that abortion is the “unwarranted destruction of human life.” In 1871, the AMA called doctors performing abortions, “false to their professions, false to principle, false to honor, false to humanity, false to God.”

Through the efforts of physicians, the American Medical Association (AMA), and legislators, most abortions in the US had been outlawed by 1900. And by 1965, all 50 states had banned abortion with some exceptions which varied by state: to save the life of the mother, in cases of rape or incest, or if the fetus was deformed. Groups like the National Abortion Rights Action League (NRAL) and the Clergy Consultation S

ervice on Abortion worked to liberalize anti-abortion laws.

In 1973, the Supreme Court case Roe vs. Wade challenged a Texas law that prohibited abortions except to save a woman's life. Since many other states had similar laws at this time the decision would affect them all.

Decided in 1992, the Casey case challenged a Pennsylvania law to loosen restrictions on abortion. All of the provisions in the law, except the spousal consent requirement, were upheld. Stopping very short of overruling Roe, the Court developed a new way of thinking about abortion cases. The decision was 5-4 and the plurality opinion refused to overrule Roe. They stated that laws that banned abortion would be unconstitutional, but they did abandon the trimester framework.

Until Webster and Casey states could only pass laws forbidding the use of public tax money for abortions. But after these decisions states started passing laws that would; require parental notification of a minor daughter, required parental consent, require abortion clinic regulations, and limit fetal experimentation.

Examining the Texas law and the effects that it had on the women of Texas, the Court ruled in a 7-2 decision that the right to privacy, found in the US Constitution’s 14th amendment, included the right of women to decide whether to terminate pregnancy. The Court was careful to balance the right of a woman seeking an abortion with the states' i

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