The AAMR defines mental retardation as a “disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. A complete and accurate understanding of mental retardation involves realizing that mental retardation refers to a particular state of functioning that begins in childhood, has many dimensions, and is affected positively by individualized supports. As a model of functioning, it includes the contexts and environment within which the person functions and interacts and requires a multidimensional and ecological approach that reflects the interaction of the individual with the environment, and the outcomes of that interaction with regards

Treatment and care of mentally retarded people have changed greatly in modern times. Until the 1800s, families kept children with retardation at home, hidden from public view. Later, state governments built large institutions to house the retarded, and physicians advised parents to institutionalize retarded children. Few retarded children had the opportunity for education and training. Experts now recognize that mental retardation is not always a lifelong disorder. Some individuals diagnosed with mild mental retardation as children may gradually develop new skills through early intervention and educational services. As adults, they may function in everyday life at a level that no longer warrants a diagnosis of retardation.

They score very low on a test that measures mental ability.

Teaching Strategies for individuals with mild retardation:

• Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors.

to independence, relationships, societal contributions, participation in school and community, and personal well being.” (www.aamr.org) Along with this definition, come the following assumptions essential to applying it properly:

“Scientists can identify a specific cause in 60 to 70 percent of mental retardation cases. Causes include genetic conditions, disorders that occur as a fetus develops during pregnancy, and problems during or after birth. Some cases of mental retardation have multiple causes.”(http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761552226) There are usually two types of causes; genetic and external causes.

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