The term “glass ceiling” refers to the level beyond which qualified women and minorities are denied the opportunity to advance into management level positions regardless of their accomplishments and merits. The glass ceiling is comprised of artificial barriers often exhibited in day to day practices, management and employee attitudes, and internal systems that operate to the career disadvantage of women and minorities.

What's the Difference Between 'Equal Pay' and 'Pay Equity'?

Women executives are frequently excluded from social activities and often describe the "clubbiness" among the men that exists at the top. The corporate executive suites are "the ultimate boys' clubs."

The Reagan and Bush Administrations have gutted the federal government's commitment to affirmative action. Therefore, equality has dropped off the corporate agenda. A 1983 survey of 800 business leaders by Sirota & Alpen Associates found that out of 25 human resource priorities, affirmative action for women and minorities ranked 23rd.

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