Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1874. Shortly thereafter, the family moved to Munich where his father and uncle set up a business. Although he did not talk until the age of three, he displayed a strong sense of curiosity, and the ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts. Despite his extraordinary mathematical skills, Albert was considered a slow learner. Some teachers were convinced that he was actually disabled because he was unable to become fluent in German until he was 9 years old. It is believed that a teacher once told him that he would “never amount to anything”.

At the age of ten, young Albert was enrolled at the Luitpold Gymnasium to begin his next level of education. This

Albert Einstein received many honorary doctorate degrees from both American and European Universities. He was awarded Fellowships and memberships to the most noteworthy scientific academies in the world. His numerous awards include: the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute. It is not surprising that one of his last acts was a plea for international peace. One week prior to his death, Albert Einstein signed his last paper. It was a letter to Bertrand Russell . In the letter, he agreed that his name should be entered on a manifesto urging all nations to give up nuclear weapons. Einstein once said, “Peace can’t be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding.”

Einstein continued to actively support Zionism, but turned down an offer to become the president of Israel. During the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, Einstein spoke out on the need for the nation’s intellectuals to make any sacrifice necessary to preserve political freedom. Einstein also continued his scientific study until the day he died, April 18, 1955.

In 1905, Albert Einstein published several papers that were of central importance to the development of 20th century physics. In one of these papers, using German physicist Max Planck’s quantum theory, Einstein explained the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect refers to the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of, usually, a metal in response to incident light. Einstein theorized that light consists of particles (photons), and the energy of such a particle is proportional to the frequency of the light. There is a certain amount of energy (depending on the material) which is necessary to remove an electron from the surface of a material (work function). If the energy of a photon is bigger than this value, the electron can be emitted. In other words, if the energy of the photons is to

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