s are born with morality and natural kindness, Hobbes and Huxley view humans as selfish and nasty. I agree with the idea shared between Westermarck and Mencius, that humans are naturally kind. However, due to the division of cultures, religions, and races, there is a separation in major societies, like New York City. This separation causes people to not feel comfortable enough to show such kindness. There are certain events that may occur in which people are unified, allowing them to be able to share similar experiences. These shared experiences eventually lead everyone to feel more comfortable and kinder to one another and show that humans, by nature, are generally nice and compassionate. In order to understand the great contrast from the people of New York, it is important to conceptualize the former typical New York society. The former view of the city before a social metamorphosis. Visualize a hustling, bustling city where the majority of the people are naturally nasty and rude. This depiction of New York City supports the theories of Huxley and Hobbes. The two authors speculate that humans’ actions are determined by how they will be benefit from their actions. De Waal “wrote that Thomas Hobbes and Thomas Henry Huxley...both preached that the original state of humankind...is one in which selfish goals are pursued without regard for others”(de Waal 658). In a setting like that of New York City, it may be very common to see individuals that are only focused on how they can survive in a society in which selfish tendencies are instilled. If there were any good deeds exchanged between strangers, it was reciprocative: expecting any favor done for someone to be done to them in return. These were the characteristics of a typical New Yorker before the events of September 11th, 2001.

During the attacks and the aftermath, there were all types of individuals from all backgrounds trying to help those that were in need of assistance.

Some topics in this essay:
York City, De Waal, Westermarck Mencius, Huxley Hobbes, Struggle Existence, , York Moral, Henry Huxleyboth, Hobbes Huxley, people york, september 11th, Mencius Westermarck, york city, events september 11th, de waal, events september, 11th 2001, huxley hobbes, moral emotions, westermarck mencius, september 11th 2001, westermarck mencius humans, humans naturally,