The Mongols were essentially a bunch of tribes. They were of Turkish ancestry and around 1100 C.E. the population of these tribes was somewhere from 1 ½ to 3 million. The Mongol tribes fought each other and were excellent horsemen and archers. However, when one man united the tribes, one of the strongest empires was born. Genghis Khan bec

ame a leader of one of the tribes and he decided to stop the fighting. Instead, Genghis Khan united dozens of these tribes to form a single kingdom.

When the last Khan, Mongke Khan, died in 1260 C.E., a civil war broke out between the nephews and grandsons of Genghis Khan. The men were fighting for the position of king and this war brought the demise of the kingdom. Four of the largest units of the Mongol empire soon broke off into separate states. Mongolia and the eastern lands became Great Khan and later Yuan China, Russia and East Europe became the Golden Horde, central Asia became Jagadai Khanate, and the Middle East became the Il-Khans. All of these states went on to be powerful and well-known nations, but none as powerful as the united Mongol kingdom.

The Mongol empire had grown to become one of the largest kingdoms in a matter of only 120 years. During the 1250s the Mongols conquered the Middle East, Mesopotamia, Turkey, Persia, and Syria. There were now two rulers, Guyuk and Mogke Khan. These two Khans ruled the Mongol society at its peak. During this time the Mongols

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