The brain is covered by three membranes (dura, arachnoid, and pia), called the meninges that extend through the base of the skull and surround the entire spinal cord. The spinal cord travels down the entire length of the spinal column through the spinal canal. The epidural space is located between the dura and the interior surface of the spinal canal and contains veins, arteries, and fat. Epidural injection is the injection of medication into the epidural space.

A mild sedative and a local anesthetic may be given prior to the procedure to relax the patient and numb the injection site. Medications, usually an anesthetic such as bupivacaine (Marcaine®) or a muscle relaxant, and a corticosteroid such as methylprednisolone (Medrol®), are injected directly into the epidural space. (The injection is commonly called a cortisone shot.)

Complications resulting from an epidural injection are rare. Possible conditions that may develop following the procedure include infection (e.g., ep

· Bleeding. Blood loss during operation is less than when the same operation is done under general anaesthesia. This is because of a fall in blood pressure and heart rate and improved venous drainage with a resultant decrease in oozing.

· Appreciated by husbands and families

· Block may be 'one-sided' or blotchy

idural abscess), bleeding into the epidural space, and headache caused by a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Approximately 2% of patients experience side effects from the corticosteroid, such as mild fluid retention.

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