American Red Scare
In 1919, a wave of anticommunist hysteria swept through the United States. Thousands people were arrested and imprisoned solely for their political beliefs or for belonging to labour or political organizations. The Red Scare had its immediate roots in a combination of domestic and international events. A nationwide fear of communists suddenly grabbed the American psyche and held the nation in the grips of fear. After the war, America was in uncharted territory. Nuclear weapons were new, powerful, and strangely frightening. Just when it seemed as if America had successfully asserted her strength at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Russians began their nuclear testing and destroyed all sense of security. Communism, too, was spreading seemingly unrestrained through the world. America immediately became aware. Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have lists of names of people that secretly held allegiances with the communist parties, lists that often contained names of many high ranking public officials and also celebrities. The media, which was so important in the fifties, picked up on McCarthy's "blacklists" and ran them in the papers. As a result, not only was communism a force from overseas to fear, it was a force within America’s own
A preacher became more publicized than any American, other then the President himself, not because of his status, but because of that message that was being delivered - “…mixing the fear of Armageddon with the assurance of redemption”. (Whitfield 1991:78). Patriotic rallies, loyalty parades and pageants, ‘Know your America’ weeks, ‘Rededication’ weeks and flag presentations became a regular feature or American culture during the Cold War. The war and ensuing Red Scare heightened concerns with Americanisation and saw a period where citizens were concerned with protecting their country. ‘I am an American’ Day was widely celebrated. Pageants were staged and clergy were given the opportunity to give special sermons. Warnings sounded through the nation stating that “the world is to small for us to protect ourselves by simply saying, ‘I am an American’. We must stand ready to make sacrifices to preserve our freedom”. (Fried 1998:16). During the 1940s and the 1950s, these celebrations grew more energetic and saw more and more people in attendance.
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Suffrage Chicago,
American’ Day,
Billy Graham,
Joseph McCarthy,
Los Angeles,
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Communism Reynolds,
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patriotism prevalent country,
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Approximate Word count = 1649
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)
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