In tragedy the reader often sympathizes and empathizes with the protagonist who attains "wisdom through suffering." Tess Durbeyfield, in Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a protagonist who elicits the sympathy of the reader as she suffers, acts, and triumphs over her antagonist, who is embodied by the character of Alec D'Urberville, Tess' wealthy defile. In both works the protagonists succumb to the pernicious influences of revenge, which are instigated by their antagonists and result in the deaths of the pro