The Old, Middle and New Kingdoms of Egypt
Ancient Egypt is one of the most fascinating periods in the history of the world. Great wealth, powerful pharaohs, huge sculptures, and beautifully decorated architecture immediately come to mind when one talks of Ancient Egypt. The most powerful reign of the Ancient Egyptians lasted for over two thousand years, from 3100 to 1085 BC. During this time, many different pharaohs ruled over Egypt, various different military conquests were made, and for the most part, peace and prosperity reigned supreme. For the purpose of the study of Ancient Egypt, the country’s history during this two thousand year period of power has been divided into three different Kingdoms, and two different Intermediate Periods. The definition of “kingdom” as it is used in this study denotes a time in the history of Egypt when the central government was strong, the country was unified, and there was an orderly succession of pharaohs. The Intermediate Periods, on the other hand, were a time when government collapsed, civil war broke out, or the country was plagued by foreign invasion. Each Kingdom has distinct things that make it unique, and there are some facts and certain aspects of life that they all shared. The Intermediate Per
iods also can be compared and contrasted. The large-scale immigration of foreigners into the Nile Valley during the Middle Kingdom eventually spelled the end of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt. These foreigners remained non-naturalized "Asiatics" in the land of the pharaohs; they established their own communities and lived by their own laws. Eventually, as their numbers increased, they threatened the power of the Egyptian monarchy itself and Egypt fell into disarray. After the collapse of the Nineteenth Dynasty, the Ramesside kings, Egypt descended into another period of political chaos. This chaos began during the kingship of the last Ramesside king, Ramsses XI. After the death of Ramsses XI, a man named Smendes claimed the throne. From this point on, no one was really in charge of Egypt. The Hyksos seem to have adopted Egyptian manners, laws, and theories of monarchy. As so often happened in the ancient world, the foreign conquerors adopted the ways of the conquered. But the Hyksos dream of becoming Egyptian died within a century. A ferocious Egyptian family from Luxor waged a brilliant and fierce set of wars with the Hyksos kings and finally drove them out of Egypt by 1550 BC. Amosis, the great general who finally drove out the Hyksos, then founded a new dynasty, the Eighteenth Dynasty, and ushered in the era of the New Kingdom.
Some topics in this essay:
River Nile,
River Egypt,
Ancient Egypt,
Middle Kingdom,
Intermediate Periods,
Hyksos Hyksos,
Dynasty Egyptian,
Period Egypt,
Dynasty Ramesside,
Palestine Syria,
ancient egypt,
middle kingdom,
dynasty egyptian,
ramesside kings,
local governors,
intermediate periods,
period political chaos,
period political,
dynasty ramesside,
kings egypt,
political chaos,
dynasty ramesside kings,
nineteenth dynasty ramesside,
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Approximate Word count = 1562
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)
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