Philisophies on Education

Erik Erikson has made a large contribution to psychology with his developmental theory. He believed human development occurred in stages. Erikson developed eight psychological stages. The stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair. In the first stage he felt that an infant who gets fed when he is hungry and comforted when he needs comforting will develop trust. He also said that some mistrust is necessary to learn to trust. The second stage, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, occurs between ages two and three. During this period it is important that the parents create a supportive atmosphere in which the child can deve

Marcus Fabius Quintilian(AD35-95) believed that developmental education happened in stages, and instruction should be based on human growth and development. In the early years of a child’s development Quintilian suggested that teachers make learning interesting. In Quintillians first stage of education age(birth-seven) parents were advised to choose individuals who were well spoken to interact with their children.

lop a sense of self-control without a loss of self-esteem. Erikson said the child encounters rules, such as which areas of the house he is allowed to explore. The third stage, Initiative vs. Guilt, occurs between ages four and five. This is the stage in which the child must find out what kind of person he/she is going to be. The child develops a sense of responsibility. Erikson’s fourth stage, Industry vs. Inferiority, occurs between six years and puberty. This si the period in which the child wants to enter the larger world of knowledge and work. One of the great events of this time is the chid’s entry into school. This is where he is exposed to the technology of his society, books, multiplication tables, arts and crafts, maps, microscopes, films and tape recorders. The learning process does not only occur in the classroom but also at home, friend’s houses, and on the street. During this period the identity concern reaches climax. According to Erikson this is the time when adolescents seek their true selves.

Breaks are incorporated in most educational environments. Quintillian believed that the school day should include breaks for games and recreation. Although each philosopher had their own distinct ideas about education, it can be implied that each of these philosophers have made their contribution to the educational sys

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