Nepal Ecology

A major condition of deforestation is poverty. Although poverty is not a cause of deforestation, it is a condition of life that the majority

Forests play a crucial role in the economic life of Nepal. Almost 80 percent of the nation's twenty-two million inhabitants live in rural areas and depend heavily on subsistence agriculture. It is crucial for these people, to manage natural resources for continued well-being. Rural inhabitants rely on forests for food, fodder, fuel, wood, fertilizers, building materials, and medicinal plants. Forests also provide a key source of income in a country where the rural sector accounts for 40 percent of the gross domestic product and 80 percent of employment. Timber is the most significant forest product, and extensive stands of Sal Trees constitute a particularly valuable asset in Nepal's southern plains. Non-timber forest products are becoming increasingly important in local economies as well, providing up to 50 percent of family income in certain areas and having a growing effect on national trade figures. For example, about 15,000 tons of medicinal plants are harvested and traded each year.

The clearing of forests and the burning of firewood add to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Recently, it has become clear that the amount of carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere from forest cutting and burning and from certain soil management practices is approximately one third of the amount generated by fossil fuels. Deforestation and land degradation also contribute significantly to the loss of biodiversity. If current trends continue unchecked, human activities such as firewood collection may soon have irreversible impacts. These impacts include species loss, habitat loss, declines in the variety of genes within a species, and overall declines in the number

The Constitution states that the Kingdom of Nepal will give priority to raising public awareness on environmental issues to mitigate the adverse effects of development. The Water Resource Act, 1993 is also related to the conservation of environment. Its primary aim is to prevent soil erosion, landslides, floods, or adverse impacts on the environment while generating electricity, digging, canal and other works. This Act is a public trust doctrine. It strives to prevent environmental damage to wetlands, lakes and rivers through environmental impact assessment studies.

Leopold then introduces humans to the environment who then disrupt this perfect system. As the humans kill off the wolves, the deer overpopulate. As a result of the overpopulation, the deer are free to roam and eat at their will. The wildlife is then destroyed and the land turns into dead, uninhabited space.

Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with more than half of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the basis of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80 percent of the population. Despite the

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