The Treaty of Versailles was the peace treaty signed after World War I between the Associated Powers and Central Powers. In the treaty, Germany had to reduce its army to 100,000 people and its navy to 15,000 people. Germany had to stop all imports and production of weapons. The Associated Powers made Germany pay for the cost of the war with money, trains, livestock, natural resources, and ships. In addition, Germany had to give up 27,500 square miles of territory.2 The Ottoman Empire was placed under French and British rule. Austria-Hungary had to give away its territories and Ausria-Hungary was split up into two countries. Bulgaria lost most of the land that it had gained in the Balkan Wars and all of its co

Past wars also influenced World War I. The Russo-Japanese War in 1900 had proved the efficiency of long-range naval guns, submarines and the British accordingly developed the widely copied “dreadnought” battleship, notable for its heavy armament.11 In the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, the Balkan States drove the Turks back to Constantinople and fought among themselves over territory. Tensions between Serbia and Austria-Hungary increased when Austria-Hungary forced Serbia to abandon some of its gains from the Balkan wars.

Europe had reached its breaking point when on June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Serbian nationalist belonging to an organization known as the Black Hand. Immediately following the assassination Germany pledged its full support to Austria-Hungary, pressuring them to declare war on Serbia, while France strengthened its backing of Russia. Convinced that the Serbian government had conspired against them, Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an unacceptable ultimatum, to which Serbia consented almost entirely. Austria-Hungary was unsatisfied declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.14

nquests from World War I. It was also required to reduce weapons, and pay the Associated Powers .3

Nationalism is defined by Hans Kohn, D.J., a writer for Microsoft Encarta, as movement in which the nation-state is regarded as paramount for the realization of social, economic, and cultural aspirations of a people.4 The Congress of Vienna left the Germans divided. The Congress of Vienna also left Italy divided into many parts, some of which were under foreign control. Revolutions and strong nationalistic movements during the 19th century succeeded in “nullifying” much of the reactionary and antinationalist work of the congress.5 Italy became a nation in 1861, and Germany in 1871. The problem of nat

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