Around 1750 B.C the first Chinese dynasty, Shang, began to develop. This era witnessed the birth of modern architecture such as walled towns, a productive agricultural system and a system of writing. However each region of China had its own language, writing system and culture. Later, due to the misgoverning of the dynasty, the Shang lost its Mandate of Heaven to the Zhou kingdom.

The Zhou dynasty continued much of the technological and the agricultural developments of the first rule. The improved living conditions showed a direct relation between the population and the growth of the cities, as one grew larger the other also grew. In this period roads were being built, land cultivated and irrigation spread. As the development of the lands expanded the surrounding regions became separate states, each culturally distinct with its own language resulting in constant warfare.

Confucius, who lived during this time of confusion- the “Period of Warring States”, became famous in his effor

ts to reestablish order. Under Confucian ideology “ men are by nature good and have an innate moral sense….This means that man is perfectible. He can be led in the right path through education, especially through his own effort at self-cultivation, within himself, but also through the emulation of models outside himself.” Confucius believed that the things that happened in the environment were because of something that man did and that man is a part of the natural order and that improper behavior would throw the whole of nature out of order. He emphasized “government by goodness” by stating that, “The people are like grass, the ruler like the wind”; as the wind blows the grass was inclined. The right conduct gives the ruler power. Confucianism urges goodness and benevolence in human affairs and in the government.

The Han power continued the work of the previous dynasty trying to make China unified. The Chinese culture now had a single art, literature, music, philosophy, and administration. As the technology improved the agriculture became more and more productive. The Han armies reconquered the south even beyond the Qin dynasty. There seemed to be no rival able to challenge the steadily growing China, which began expeditions in the west. During the rule of this empire, there was the invention of paper. It was commonly used by the first century BC Wh

Some topics in this essay:
Warring States”, Song China, Communist Party, Wall China, Heaven Zhou, Han Han, Han China, BC Chinese, Ming Qing, , art literature, own language, roads built, dynasty shang, chinese culture, qin dynasty,