Gel electrophoresis is a process in which nucleic acids or other proteins are separated by way of an electrical current on the basis of size or weight. In gel electrophoresis DNA is cut to fragments by use of a special type of enzyme known as restriction endonuclease (such as EcoR1 and HindIII the enzymes used in our lab) of varying lengths. The restriction enzymes cut the DNA in what are called staggered cuts; cuts that are offset yet still divide the DNA into half with two long strands and two short strands called sticky ends. Then the DNA fragments are mixed with TBE buffer and this so
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