Are moral truths relative?
With many vehement opponents and rivals, relativism was a popular view in the twentieth century. It has widespread appeal to modern society, which is more and more becoming exposed to the diversity of different cultures, peoples, institutions and schools of thought. It was the exposition of this myriad of factors via advances in anthropology which first led to the growth of relativism. However, it is the interaction of these and other factors that poses some tough questions to the fundamental principals of relativism as we shall see in the subsequent discussion. There are also other problems confronting relativism but it is worthy to note that there are several different forms of relativism and each comes with its own set of queries, weaknesses and strengths. Apart from relativism, there are several schools of thought which deny the main principals of relativism, but usually conflict with each other in fundamental grounds. The discourse on moral truth then, as it is presented in the following reading, centers around relativism and its varied forms, rebuttals to the relativist mindset, and the theories of Kantian ethics and Utilitarianism which oppose the relativist agenda. These topics should
Shaw also provides a plethora of excellent questions concerning the cultural branch of relativism. Firstly, the concept of a mistaken judgement. As a prime example, pre- Civil War Americans were allowed to keep slaves, however, now Americans agree that this was a mistaken practice. Like cultural relativism, subjectivism must adopt the idea that if one admits that s/he was mistaken in committing some action they were still now wrong in doing so at the time because they did not believe themselves to be mistaken. Similarly, the cultural relativist may appeal to single- state relativism which asserts that we have no right to condemn the conduct of those who came before us, in ages with different moral standards because, as it is commonly put, "things were different then…" Perhaps even more intriguing, then, is to ask of single state relativism: if we are not allowed to condemn the actions of slave owners in the pre- Civil War era, were not those imposing slavery on the Africans wrong to do so in accordance with the relativist outlook? One of the main arguments for slavery in that time period was the notion that the African nation represented a backwards people. Did not the Americans impose their cultural beliefs on them? (Shaw, 15-18) The aim of this dissertation is not to necessarily determine which view on the relativity of morals is correct. Of course, every man must decide for himself, each to his own. It is my opinion that in almost every debate over some controversial topic the truth of the matter lies somewhere in-between the points being offered. This is not to say that both parties are necessarily wrong, just that people are usually too caught up in denying the other's argument to see what their opponents actually mean. This is not to say, either, that neither side is mistaken, and more often than not the truth lies nearer to one side of the conflicting decisions. Therefore, I shall borrow certain aspects from all of the relevant views to from what is perhaps a clearer picture of what the object of morality is, or should be.
Some topics in this essay:
Truths Relative,
Kant Mill,
JS Mill,
Ethical Relativity,
Hence Kant,
Categorical Imperative,
Edward Westermarck,
War Americans,
Civil War,
Charley Chene,
categorical imperative,
moral action,
judge moral,
morality relative,
moral judgements,
kantian ethics,
principals relativism,
forth kantian ethics,
moral value,
shaw 16,
worthy note,
rightness wrongness action,
lie direct conflict,
proportion tend promote,
pre- civil war,
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Approximate Word count = 2598
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)
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