were, indeed, “the city upon a hill.” They did not realize, however, that when values and religious theories are taken to an extreme the moderation medium no longer exists, and the city foolishly hides behind the hill.

The witchcraft crises and the banishment of dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams are events that describe the evolution of the once strong strain of Puritan ideology that became a weakened and tainted one. Some historians believe that Puritanism was a good cause that went bad. Others say that the problems of the Puritan Colony were inevitable. They say that mistakes had to be made in the first settlements so that future civilizations could learn from the past. Puritanism is, in a sense, the seed of Americanism. Without one, the other would not exist which is the great phenomena of time.

Another dissenter that challenged Puritan ideals was Roger Williams who saw that individualism and the connection to the New England Church was building a society based on contradicting beliefs. He believed that the colony was committing an illegal act since it did not pay the Indians for their land. He was convinced that the civil government had no legal right to punish religious radicals. He moved to Plymouth and one year later, he was banished. His response to

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