Isaac Newton was born in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, England on January 4, 1643. Newton came from a family of farmers but never knew his father, who was also named Isaac Newton. His father died in October of 1642, three months before his son was born. Isaac's father owned property and animals which made him a wealthy man, he was completely uneducated and could not sign his own name.

Isaac's mother was named Hannah Ayscough, who remarried to Barnabas Smith the minister of a church at North Witham, when Isaac was two years old. Newton, who was only two years old at the time was left in the care of his grandmother Margery Ayscough at Woolsthorpe. Treated like an orphan, Isaac did not have a happy childhood. H

Another argument over his theory of color led to a violent exchange of letters. In 1678, Newton appeared to have suffered a nervous breakdown. His mother died the following year and Newton went into a period of no communication with the world.

In 1703 he was elected president of the Royal Society, and was re-elected each year until his death. He was knighted in 1705 by Queen Anne. He was the first scientist to be so honored for his work. The last portion of his life was not an easy one, it was dominated in many ways with the controversy with Leibniz over which had invented the calculus. As he became older, he seemed more concerned with leaving his image behind, he had many portraits painted. As his health began to weaken, he began to distribute his money among his family. After a series of debilitating illnesses, Issac Newton died on March 31, 1727.

He had reached the conclusion during the two plague years that white light is not a simple entity. Every scientist since Aristotle had believed that white light was a basic single entity, but the chromatic aberration in a telescope lens convinced Newton to believe different. When he passed a thin beam of sunlight through a glass prism Newton noted the spectrum of colours that was formed. Newton argued that white light is really a mixture of many different types of rays which are refracted at slightly different angles, and that each different type of ray produces a different spectral color. He then proposed and constructed a reflecting telescope.

Newton also wrote on Judaeo-Christian prophecy, whose beliefs was essential to understanding God he thought. His book on the subject was reprinted well into the Victorian Age. It represented his lifelong study of religion. Its message was that "Christianity went astray in the 4th century AD, when the first Council of Nicaea propounded erroneous doctrines of the nature of Christ". The full extent of Newton's book was recognized only in the present century, but although a critic of accepted "Trinitarian dogmas and the Council of Nicaea", he had a deep religious sense. In late editions of his scientific works he expressed a strong sense of God's providential role in nature.

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