Peter felt that everything that had ever happened before in the past was entirely wrong. The whole of Russia must be changes in its ideology and views. Cultural gap between Russia had yawned wide. Peter tried to reform the ideology to enable the country to catch up with the rest of Europe. He had the idea that Russia could be improved with just one great leap foreword, in this case this was Westernization. He was determined to Westernize his large kingdom. The country was dragged into Europe, and he wanted no turning back. Expansion was no longer directed to the East but West. He was the first Tsar to be determined to bring the European culture to Russia. He is held as the sole person to have dragged Russia from Medieval into the modern world. He introduced Western culure, commerce, technology and constructed

city built upon European ideology, St. Petersburg. He built it to sure continual contact with the west. It became the new capital that could reach the west very easily. With this city he focused Russian elites on to Europe. It was his view to the west that German ideology cme to Russia. It stressed the role of the authority and the duties and reasonability’s of the individual rather then his rights and always viewed him as an inseparable part of a community to when he should owe his primary allegiance. Peter forcibly changed all of these ideas. In the order to reform customs, gentlemen, merchants, and toher subjects were forced to shave their beards or pay tax. Clothes were also altered to look more European rather then Oriental. These influences led St. Petersburg to become the host to Russian’s Golden Age and a mecca to some of the world’s greatest dances, artists, composers, and scientists. This has also contributed to reforms such as domestic reforms which altered the future of Russia.

When Charles XII of Sweden defeated the larger Russian army at Narva, Peter instigated military reform. Artillery was improved and discipline enforced. Peter the Great's military reforms massively modernised Russia’s Army and Navy. By his death in 1725, Russia's military was a force to be reckoned with. These reforms supplemented the reforms that were going on at a general domestic level. The Russia army was both enlarged and made into a professional unit by Peter the Great. Peter had a very clear idea about the direction of his foreign policy and he needed a strong army to execute this. Before the rule of Peter the Great, the Russian army had been amateur. It was basically based on villagers going into battle to defend the Motherland, lead by village elders with no or little knowledge about military leadership. There were some professionals in the army but they were few and far between. All soldiers received similar training so that the army had uniformity. Two new elite Guards regiments were created the Preobrazhenskii and the Semeovskii. These were officered by an elite soldiers. By Peter’s death, Russia had 210,000 men in the army. Discipline was savage but by the death of Peter, the army was up to European standards though untested in Western Europe. The navy was essentially Peter the Great’s creation. The navy was based on the moth of the River Don and then expanded to the Baltic Sea. As Russia lacked the necessary expertise, Peter the Great brought in foreign experts and by 1725, Russia had 48 ships of the line and 800 galleys. The officers in the navy were foreign but the crews were Russian.The Russian Navy defeated Sweden’s navy under Charles XII and its potential for success sufficiently alarmed George I of Britain. When war broke out between Russia, Poland, Denmark, Saxony and Sweden, the untrained armie

Some topics in this essay:
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