The General environmental problems of cities of the world.
The General environmental problems of cities of the world. Environmental problems of cities, mainly largest of them, are connected to excessive concentration in rather small territories of the population, transport and the industrial enterprises, with formation of the anthropogenous landscapes very far from a condition of ecological equilibrium. Rates of growth of a world's population at 1.5-2.0 time are lower than growth of urban population to which today concerns 40 % of people of a planet. For the period 1939 - 1979 the population of large cities has grown in 4, on the average - in 3 and small - in 2 times. Social and economic conditions has resulted in uncontrollability of process of a urbanization in many countries. The interest of urban population is equal the separate countries: Argentina - 83, Uruguay - 82, Australia - 75, USA - 80, Japan - 76, Germany - 90, Sweden - 83. Besides large cities - millionaires city agglomerations or the merged cities quickly grow. Are those Washington - in USA; cities of Ruhr in Germany; Moscow, Donbass and Kuzbass in the CIS. Circulation of substance and energy in cities considerably surpasses those in a countryside. Average density of a natural stream of energy of the Earth - 180
Economic activities, lay-out of the inhabited quarters, the limited quantity of green plantings result to that in cities, especially large, there is a microclimate which as a whole worsens its ecological characteristics. Since then dust stored on various storehouses in a countryside. As a result of growth of cities the free areas in their vicinities decreased, and the unpleasant smells, the increased quantity of rats caused by dumps, became intolerable. Separately worth dumps were replaced with holes for storage of dust. About 90 % of waste products in USA till now it is dug in. But dumps in USA are quickly filled, and the fear before pollution of underground waters does by their undesirable neighbours. This practice has forced people to stop in many settlements of the country consumption of water from watersourse. Wishing to reduce this risk, authorities of Chicago since August, 1984 have declared the moratorium on development of the new areas under a dump until the new kind of the monitoring which is watching moving of metane as if not to check its formation will be developed, it may blow up. Besides disassembled there are tens other technical decisions above, many of which are lead up to pre-production models.. Among the last the idea of a cargo trolley bus with the accumulator for interlinear movement which realization, under condition of perfection of current collectors and reconstruction current-conducting wire, sharply may reduce pollution of air pool, in particular in the centres of cities is rather curious. Translation of the engine of internal combustion on gaseous fuel. In richly occupied areas of Europe a way of a burial place of waste products as demanding too big areas and promoting pollution of underground waters, was preferred another - to burning. Confirming told we shall result the data from I.P.Lashnevoj's studying desease of children work, living in two areas with a different level of impurity of atmospheric air: in one plenty of the industrial enterprises is near to kindergartens, in the friend children's establishments are remote from the basic main ways and sources of air pollution by harmful substances. The analysis of desease has shown, that general sharp desease in the first area in 1,5 times was higher, than in the second. Desease of bodies of breath of children of age groups (from 1 year till 6 years) in the first area also in 1,5 times was higher, than in the second area, and nervous system and sense organs - in 2-2,5 times is more often.
Some topics in this essay:
CIS Circulation,
Atlantic Densety,
,
Chicago August,
Nortingem England,
waste products,
air pool,
green plantings,
motor transport,
pollution air pool,
pollution air,
pollution water,
stationary sources,
oxides nitrogen,
pollution atmosphere,
atmosphere cities,
pollution water pool,
burial waste products,
Washington USA,
processing waste products,
emissions carbonic oxide,
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Approximate Word count = 4842
Approximate Pages = 19 (250 words per page double spaced)
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