Galileo’s Daughter

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa Italy, in the same year as Shakespeare, 1564. His father, Vincenzio Galilei, was a musician interested in the revival of classical Greek musical forms. Giulia Galilei was his mother. He got his name from Galileo Buonaiuti (a physician in the family) after whom the family had taken the last name Galilei. Galileo had sister, Virginia, and brother Michelangelo. His mistress Marina Gamba of Venice (outside of marriage) gave birth to daughters Virginia and Livia, and then bore him a son, Vincenzio. Galileo never married Marina, and she eventually married another man when Galileo left for Florence after being named chief philosopher and mathematician by the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

His son, Vincenzio, had been legitimized in a fiat by the grand duke of Tuscany and gone off to study law at the University of Pisa. But Galileo’s daughters, Virginia and Livia, were placed in the convent of San Matteo in Arcetri, where Virginia took the name of "Maria Celeste," (this was a tribute to her father's fascinatio

In her letters, Maria Celeste describes her enclosed life as a Poor Clare nun, living under a vow of poverty. Their order came from a follower of St. Francis of Assisi, Chiara Offreduccio (or Clare), and they were known as ‘Clarisses’ or ‘Poor Clares’. They remained poor and depended on alms (Money or goods given as charity to the poor), and often did not eat. Maria also complained about the dishonest Brothers who came to the convent. Galileo always responded to Maria's appeals for help and donations. Later on, she received private quarters of her own to live in.

marriage. Maria devoted herself to the extremely hard life of the Poor Clares after this. Her and her father sent each other letters regularly, and 124 of her letters to Galileo are still around (his letters to her were most likely destroyed). In Galileo’s Daughter, Dava Sobel includes 21 of these letters written from Maria to her father.

Maria Celeste’s life, although she was thrilled to be in contact with her father on every occasion, seemed very arduous for her. When taken into account all of her wonderful letters and the help and devotion she showed to her father, it is pretty evident that had she been born from a legitimate wife of Galileo, her life would have been much better. Her enclosed, strict life of poverty that she desperately tried to balance alongside

Understanding her father's huge involvement in this argument, she prayed for his health, for his longevity, and for the fulfillment of his "every just desire." She made elixirs and pills to keep him strong for his studies and protect him from diseases. Her

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