In the late 1820’s, American demand for land due to population growth led to pressure on Native American lands. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act which Jackson signed into law. The act was challenged successfully by the Cherokee Nation in 1832, in the US Supreme Court. Despite the Supreme Court decision, Jackson took no action to uphold the Court verdict, and in fact would openly defy it; he was quoted as saying "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!" 1(p.245) As the court has no executive powers to enforce its decisions, Jackson's executive disregard of the court marked a time when the Judicial branch of government was very weak.

Jackson distrusted banks because of his personal financial history and because he did not

The Bank of the United States charter was to expire in 1836. Nicholas Biddle, the banks director, was considering trying to get it re-charted, for the bank seemed very popular. Jackson, in his first inaugural address, had questioned both the constitutionality and the necessity of having the bank. When it became clear that Jackson was going to run for reelection in 1832, the National Republicans persuaded Biddle to have the re-charter bill submitted to Congress. They believed that the bill would pass with substantial majorities and it did. They also believed that Jackson would hurt his re-election chances if he vetoed the bill, for it was clear that Congress and many others supported the bank. If he signed the re-charter bill, then the National Republicans could point out what a hypocrite he was, since he had said he opposed the Bank. Jackson vetoed the bill and took his decision to the people. He argued that it was unconstitutional and that foreigners owned too much stock and had too much control. Jackson was determined to destroy the bank. He paid off the national debt and ordered his Secretary of the Treasury to remove the $10 million in federal deposits from the bank and place them in selected state banks. He had to fire two secretaries of the treasury before he could find one who would obey his orders; the first two believed that the

Some topics in this essay:
South Carolina, Bank United, Jacksonian Democrats, Andrew Jackson’s, National Republicans, Republicans Biddle, John Marshall, Secretary Treasury, Nicholas Biddle, Bank Jackson, bank united, national republicans, re-charter bill, vetoed bill, south carolina, bank notes, native americans, common jackson, bank jackson, andrew jackson’s,