The Balkan area was divided into various national states. Occupied for centuries by the Romans, Turks, Austrians, and Hungarians, the Balkan people were forced to adopt the methods of irregular warfare in the struggle against them. Sometimes the Balkan people battled one another and kept alive their fighting traditions in bitter blood feuds. The mountainous terrain of their peninsula, with few good roads of rail lines, hampered the countermeasures of regular forces and made possible sustained guerrilla operations.

Serbia resented Austria since its annexation of Bosnia in 1908, which is a big part of the Balkan scene. I

Four major alliances were in business with the outbreak of WWI. The Franco - Russian alliance made France and Russia against Germany, and its allies. Russia and France were also allied to Great Britain. Great Britain respected its promise to Belgium when they were invaded by Germany, and joined their side. These three countries were the Entente side during the war. The Triple Alliance was the main accord for the Central powers. This group involved Germany, Austria, and Italy. Italy on the other hand, declared neutrality at the outbreak of war, leaving Germany with only Austria. They were soon joined by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

Germany was the main threat of territory for Russia, which was reinforced by Germany's decision to form the Triple Alliance. Under the terms of this military alliance, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy agreed to support each other if attacked by either France or Russia. Germany, since allied to Austro-Hu

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