Starting in 1096, a series of wars called the crusades was fought between Muslims and Christians for control of the holy land. A crusade is a war fought with a religious purpose and at the calling of a religious leader. In this case the Catholic pope was the one who called for the crusades. “As Christianity grew, many Europeans wanted to visit the holy lands, such as Jerusalem and Bethlehem, where Jesus lived and was crucified,” (Doherty). “The Seljuqs were less welcoming than the earlier Muslim rulers had been to Catholics who wanted to visit these holy sites,” (Ellwood) “At the same time, the Muslim religion was gaining followers throughout North Africa and what is now the Middle East…As these two religions grew, there was conflict between their followers over area

In Northern Ireland, it would seem that Protestants and Catholics had a civil war about religions, when in fact it was about British rule in Ireland. Ireland, originally a distinct and independent country, was invaded by Britain and forced to become part of the then small, but growing, British Empire. Fighting between the two sides erupted through the mid to late 20th Century. “The death toll reached above 3,600 deaths between the two sides over the past 30 years. In the 1980's there were two hunger strikes. The first began in October 1980 and ended in December 1980 without loss of life. There were ten prisoners on hunger strike, seven in the H-Blocks and three women in Armagh jail. The second hunger strike began in March 1981, five years after the British government withdrew political status from the prisoners,”(Adams). The second hunger strike claimed the lives of ten republican prisoners: Bobby Sands, Francis Hughes, Raymond McCreesh, Patsy O'Hara, Joe McDonnell, Martin Hurson, Tom McElwee, Kevin Lynch, Kieran Doherty and Michael Devine. Some progress has been made in the form of a ceasefire and an independent status for the country.

Conflict began in Bosnia in 1991 and in 1992, when Bosnia declared independence from Yugoslavia. The Conflict included ethnic cleansing of Muslims in Bosnia by Serb military and police. This genocide was characterized by concentration camps, mass murders, and a Serb policy of raping Muslim women. “The vast majority of casualties were civilian. An out flow of refugees resulted with approximately 800,000 Bosnians displaced to other countries and more than 200,000 coming to the United States,”(Rohde). The roots of the conflict lie in the past history of the areas, in religious differences, and in nationalism. The Bosnian population has traditionally been more mixed than other Balkan countries, with the capital, Sarajevo, seeming at one time to be a model of religious and ethnic tolerance. Most Serbs are Greek Orthodox, most Croats are Catholic, and most Bosnians are Muslim; with Bosnians tending to be more diverse with respect to religion than Serbs or Croats.

s of the Middle East that were sacred to both religions,” (Doherty) In addition, the advance of the Seljuqs posed political and economic threats to the Latin-speaking parts of Western Europe.(Ellwood) Although the Catholics were technically fighting against Muslim armies, the Crusaders found excuses to attack, plunder, and rape others, many of whom had no sufficient means of defense. However, the main outcome of the crusades would seem to be senseless spending, misery, and tense relations between Catholics and Muslims.

“The Golden Rule exists in all religions in some form… Since this is the fundamental obligation in all religions, why are religions involved in so many of the most bitter confl

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