During the latter part of the eighteenth century, a new revolution enthralled the world. This revolution was not a political one however it would lead to many implications later in its existence. Neither was this a social or cultural revolution, but an economic one.

The Industrial Revolution changed the means of producing goods around the world. It also transformed our societies from being a primarily agricultural society to one that was dominated by manufacturing and industry.

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the eighteenth century, which at the time was the most powerful nation in the world. It was inevitable that the country that possessed the most wealth would lead this revolution. Britain was also rich in natural resources such as coal and iron which were crucial elements in industrialization. Following its adoption in England, other nations such as France, the United States, and Germany entered into this revolution.

During this time there were scores of technological a

dvancements. The most momentous advancements were in steam power. Newly discovered fuels such as coal and petroleum were incorporated into new steam engines. Which improved productivity in many industries including manufacturing and textiles. The steam engine also revolutionized the transportation with the invention of the steam locomotive and steam ship. A new communication medium was also created called the telegraph. Communicating across the ocean was made more expedient due to the creation of the telegraph.

Along with the immense leaps in technology, there was also an overall demise in the socioeconomic and cultural situation of the people. The growth of cities was one of the major consequences of the Industrial Revolution. Multitudes of people were driven to the cities in search of work; in turn they ended up living in cities that could not support them. Low wages were a problem as well as child labor. With the new industrial epoch, a new quantitative and materialistic view of the world occurred. This caused people to consume as much as they possibly could.

In response to these troubling events, monarchs in Austria and Prussia moved militarily against revolutionary France. Foreign armies moved increasingly closer to Paris, the heart of the revolution. With the peril of foreign invasion looming, the bread shortages in Paris, and the provinces at a critical level, the radicals in the newly-convened National Convention took power. Led by Maximilien Robespierre, the Mountain faction consisting of radical Jacobins called for substantial military mobilization, government control of the economy to assist the poor, and a systematic coercion of enemies though the Reign of Terror.

When Louis XVI convened the Estates-General in May 1789, its first meeting since 1614, he was not expecting to lose any power to the nobles, let alone the commoners who comprised the Third Estate. Meeting to address the deepening financial crisis plaguing the French government, the Estates-General could not even

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