Papovaviridae

Papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses, 52-55 nm in diameter. There are 72 capsomers (60 hexameric + 12 pentameric) arranged on a T = 7 lattice. There are 2 capsid proteins, 1 major (encoded by the L1 gene) and 1 minor (L2). The papillomavirus genome consists of circular, d/s DNA~8kbp in size, associated with cellular histones to form a chromatin-like substance. At least 12 different HPV genomes have been sequenced.

Papillomaviruses have been shown to cause skin warts and perhaps even cervical cancer. The first papillomarivus was isolated in 1933 by Richard Shope who was able to isolate them in rabbits. It was not until the beginning of molecular virology in the 1970’s that human Papillomaviruses (HPV) was first studied. HPV was not studied until 1970 because no HPV grow

Papillomaviruses (HPV), are small DNA viruses belonging to the virus family papovaviradae. These viruses cause small benign skin tumors known as warts, and are the most common cause of the sexually transmitted disease, genital warts. Genital warts are very contagious and often have no visible symptoms allowing the virus to be transmitted undetected. Untreated genital warts can develop into cervical cancer in women, years after the virus has been contracted. Although genital warts are the most common cause of STD’s, and left untreated can develop into cervical cancer; they can be prevented, and if contracted can be successfully treated without serious harm.

Genital warts usually occur within 3 months of sexual contact with an infected person. The warts occur on the inside and outside of the vagina, on the cervix, or around the anus in women. In men they are usually on the tip of the penis, shaft of the penis, scrotum, or around the anus. Genital warts are less common in men than in women. It is believed that one in four women are infected by the virus in the genital tract. The warts can also develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person, but this is rare. Genital warts most often occur in clusters and are very tiny.

Currently research is being conducted on two types of HPV vaccines. The vaccines would be 1) used to prevent infection or disease, and 2) used to treat cervical cancers.

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