It was long ago observed that Systemic Lupus was far more common in females than males, approximately with a ratio of 9:1(Rider et al, 1998). Several theories were proposed to explain the existence of the phenomenon. The explanation that gained most popularity and acceptance was the one give by Dr. Rider with the team at University of Missouri-Kansas. Dr. Rider proposed hormonal influence i

The experiment performed by Lim not only showed the presence of the auto-anitbodies against the cell nuclei and cytoplasm in the patients but also identified the exact nature and genetic location of such auto-antibodies (Lim et al, 2002). A detailed account of all the auto-anitbodies along with their fragment length, and gene description was constructed. Experimental technique performed by Yoon Lim was a collection of several laboratory techniques but the one that was very critical in nature was the determination of cDNA expression through immunoscreening. Such experiments provides ample knowledge of the molecular identities of the auto-immune antibodies directed against one’s own tissue in people who suffer from autoimmune disease such as Systemic Lupus Erythomatosus (Lim et al, 2002). Molecular nature of such auto-antibodies helps the scientific community develop extremely specific treatments for the disease.

Cytokines are believed to play an important role in the immune disorder observed in diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythomatosus. T helper cell population exists in two main catogeries.1) T h1 cells that produce IL-II , they are involved in macrophage activation, production of compliment, fixing, and opsonization of antibodies. 2) T h2 c cells that produce IL-IV, IL-V, IL-VI, IL-X and IL-III (Amel-Kashipaz et al, 2001). T h2 cells also regulated activation and differentiation of mast cells and Eosinophils, thus are important in allergic responses. Two similar classes of cytotoxic T cells also exist, CD8- and CD8+. In autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus either one of the T helper cell population is proposed to have a dominance over the other. Dr. M.R.Amel-kashipaz and his team at Queens medical college, Nottingham, United Kingdom performed an experiment to prove that the T h1 and T h2 ratio in SLE patients was same as normal people. Amel used the ‘flow cytometry’ technique to analyze the proposed hy

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