In the book Puzzles About Art: An Aesthetics Casebook, there is a case that exemplifies these queries. The case, called The Remains of the Incan Palace on page 30, tells the story of 4 friends hiking through the remote mountainous regions of Peru. The 4 hikers come across an ancient Incan palace, lavishly decorated with gold and jade ornaments and intricate carvings. The 4 hikers then express their opinions, each one different from the others:

The first observer merely states, “Beautiful, simply beautiful!”

The second observer acknowledges it as a wonderful discovery, but states, “It’s one of those ancient extravagances that were designed simply to be stared at; it lacks the warmth and functional humanity that makes things beautiful.”

The third observer states that since he only cares about bars and restaurants, the discovery does nothing for him.

The fourth observer says that it is wonderful, gran

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