Leadership persuades people with reason and moves them with emotion, producing conviction in their followers. Historians use their own criteria to interpret their own analysis with the benefit of hindsight.

By 1870, Congress had freed slaves and introduced legislation to secure blacks rights of citizenship due to a change in the federal mood, and despite Johnson’s pro-slavery stance, progress was limited because of a balancing act between northern push for reform and the southern fear of threatened livelihood.

Booker T Washington 1856-1915 himself a former slave, challenged white opinion, by proving that African Americans deserved respect and equality. He advocated practical, economic and social improvements enabling legal reform and political advancement. He endorsed black self-help and pride teaching skills by w

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