Based on its morphology, physiochemical and biologic properties, antigenic structures, genomic sequences and mode of replication, the poliovirus is a member of the subfamily Enterovirus, family Pic

It is important to understand the genome of the poliovirus to help with research in biomedicine. The mRNA genome of the poliovirus weighs approximately 2,600 kD and takes up 23% of the total weight of the particle. The capsid encloses a positive RNA strand of roughly 7500 nucleotides. The poliovirus weighs 8300kDa, and the mRNA genome part of the virus weighs approximately 2,600 kDa, which is 23% of the total weight of the particle. Because of its RNA, the poliovirus has a high mutation rate, which is advantageous because it allows rapid replication and adaptation to a new environment. All the serotypes of the poliovirus have a 3’ end with polyadenylic acid and the 5’ end linked to a virus-encoded protein with 22 amino acids called VPg. Genome replication can occur because it contains a cis-acting signal in the first 88 nucleotides. A site that regulates translation called the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) follows this region. This site is separated from a long open reading frame of the only polypeptide it encodes, the polyprotein, by a 154nt. The polyprotein is 247 kDa and it is highly unstable. The polyprotein undergoes many proteolytic cleavages to make functional structural (VP1-VP4) and nonstructural proteins, which is characteristic of viruses that have positive RNA strands. Following the ORF, there is a 3’ non-translated region that forms a double stem-loop structure. Genome replication and virion reproduction takes place in the infected host.

Recently, the oral poliovirus vaccine was thoroughly researched by Ochs and colleagues. Even though the OPV vaccine is successfully used, the use of OPV strains to help eradicate the virus globally is hindered by its genetic instability. The genetic instability of the OPV is on the 5’ untranslated region of the positive RNA strand, which is where translation is directed by IRES. The IRES interacts with two types of cellular RNA-binding proteins eIF4B and eIF4G. In this experiment, Ochs and colleagues observed three different mutations at the domain V of the IRES site in order to understand how they affect the activity of the virus.

Poliovirus has three distinct serotypes: P1, P2, and P3 (Virology Book). These serotypes are classified based on how well they are able to make monoclonal antibodies to inactivate the viral infectivity (virology). Within these serotypes, the strains vary in their pathogenicity. These different strains of the poliovirus are highly homologous in their nucleotides and their amino acid sequences, but have different morbidity rates. P1, the poliovirus strain Mahoney, was the first to have its genome completely sequenced and is the most prevalent among the countries that still have the poliovirus endemic. People with this type are more likely to have the disease than people who are infected with P3. People who are infected with the P2 strain do not have many clinical effects. Most poliovirus infections are asymptomatic, and it is important to learn about their pathogenicity to help in future vectors for gene therapy and vaccination (4).

In the early 1960s, a vaccine called the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was discovered to help decrease the epidemic (2). This vaccine contained all three types of the serotypes and traces of neomycin, streptomycin, and polymyxin B. The vaccine can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The IPV is very effective in protecting from polio infection and poliomyelitis by causing immunity; however, its duration is unknown. The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is another vaccine used mostly in the United States and was discovered in 1963. OPV contains live strains of all three serotypes and traces of streptomycin and neomycin. OPV is an extremely effective vaccine and produces intestinal immunity that help prevent polio infection across the lifespan.

ornavirus (2). Enteroviruses are tolerant of acidic environments and are commonly found inhabiti

Some topics in this essay:
P3 People, North America, VPg Genome, IRES IRES, Virology Book, , people infected, spinal cord, positive rna, poliovirus vaccine, positive rna strand, weighs approximately 2600, central nervous system, 23% total weight, ochs colleagues, 23% total, weight particle, vectors gene, approximately 2600, vectors gene therapy, weighs approximately, P3 Virology, P2 P3, P1 P2,