actuarial justice: when the traditional orientation of juvenile justice, rehabilitation, and individualized treatment, has been supplanted by the goal of efficient offender processing.

actuarial justice: when the traditional orientation of juvenile justice, rehabilitation, and individualized treatment, has been replaced by the goal of efficient offender processing.

Addams, Jane: established Hull House in Chicago during 1880’s; assisted wayward and homeless youths.

adversarial proceedings: opponent driven court litigation, where one side opposes the other; prosecution seeks to convict or find defendants guilty, while defense counsel seeks to defend their clients and seek their acquittal.

banishment: sanction used to punish offenders by barring them from a specified number of miles from settlements or towns; often a capital punishment, since those banished could not obtain food or water to survive the isolation.

Beccaria, Cesare: (1738-1794) Developed classical school of criminology; considered “father of classical criminology”; wro

sweat shops: exploitative businesses and industries that employed child labor and demanded long work hours for low pay.

Gesellschaft: term created by Ferdinand Tönnies, a social theorist, to describe more formalized, larger communities and cities that relied on written documents and laws to regulate social conduct.

courts of equity: court of equity rooted in early English common law where civil disputes are resolved; also responsible for juvenile matters and adjudicating family matters such as divorce; has jurisdiction over contract disputes, property boundary claims, and exchange of goods disputes.

Childsaving movement: organized effort during early 1800s in United States comprised primarily of upper and middle class interests who sought to provide assistance to wayward youths; assistance was often food and shelter, although social, educational, and religious values were introduced to children later in compulsory schooling.

Some topics in this essay:
School Act, Court Act, Middle Ages, Poor Laws, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Crimes Punishments, Ferdinand Tönnies, House Chicago, Delinquent Children, Prevention Pauperism, juvenile court, criminal behavior, criminal courts, criminal justice, age majority, common law, juvenile delinquents, passed il, crime criminal, status offenders, charged crimes apart, deal children charged, massachusetts deal children, children charged crimes, crimes apart system,