Thomas Jefferson explores the idea of happiness, from two different standpoints, in his opening remarks of the Declaration of Independence. Happiness is an obscure concept that one does not immediately associate with governmental rights. In fact, many would define happiness as an increase in pleasures or a freedom from any constraints, such as those that government places on its subjects. It is therefore necessary to analyze the role that happiness plays in the Declaration of Independence.
The first mention of happiness in the Declaration is in the first sentence of the second paragraph. “The pursuit of happiness” is put forth as an “inalienable right” as a replacement for John Locke’s guarantee of property, following the promises of life and liberty. This “right” of happiness cannot be looked at as an idle form of personal pleasure, becaus
The two initial mentions of happiness in the Declaration of Independence present two types of responsibilities for the new government that Jefferson outlines. The ideas of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” present the concept that government must not oppress its subjects or do anything that would restrict civil liberties and personal pleasures. Government is set up to maintain “safety and happiness” as well. This usage implies that while government must not stifle its citizens, it must set up responsible laws and policies to protect the people. Jefferson thus sets up this tension in government’s responsibilities On the one hand, government cannot be too restrictive, but on the other hand it cannot lack law and order, for the government must protect its people. Ultimately, each of these aspects of responsibility is to maintain, protect
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